Spanish and Danish researchers recently did a study investigating the effects of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil on the central nervous system (CNS). Lavender has soothing effects; it supports a healthy nervous system and promotes healthy sleep. However, its precise mechanisms of action have remained elusive. In this study, the scientists examined the effects of Lavender on CNS targets known to regulate cognition and mood.

The biological targets in this study were the enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), the serotonin transporter gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABAA receptor), and the N-methyl D-Aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor). While the researchers did not find any activity of Lavender on GABAA or MOA-A, they did observe interactions with both the NMDA receptor and the serotonin transporter.

In one of their experiments, Lavender was found to displace CPG39653, a known ligand of the NMDA receptor, in a dose-dependent manner. NMDA receptors are essential in processes such as learning and memory. They also play a role in CNS hyperexcitability and neurotoxicity. Blocking NMDA receptors can help calm the CNS. The results from this particular experiment support the hypothesis that Lavender’s nerve-calming effects may be due to its ability to modulate NMDA receptors.

The serotonin transporter alters the activity of serotonin in the brain by reducing levels of neuroactive serotonin. It transports serotonin out of the synaptic cleft and returns it to the presynaptic neuron in a process called reuptake. Limiting serotonin reuptake is a way to maintain proper serotonin activity, and adequate serotonin activity promotes feelings of happiness and helps regulate appetite and sleep.

The scientists also discovered that Lavender and linalool, a principal constituent of Lavender, were able to bind to the serotonin transporter, indicating that Lavender’s effect on mood and sleep may involve modulation of the serotonin transporter. One possibility is that Lavender binding to the transporter might have inhibitory effects on serotonin reuptake.

These compelling results validate the use of Lavender essential oil for its soothing and calming effects as well as its ability to help promote sleep. This study is yet another instance of science confirming the traditional use of essential oils.